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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a system and method for storing and recovering heat comprising at least one bed of particles (2) for storing heat. The system further comprises, at each end of the fixed bed, a means of thermal regulation of the particles (5). In addition, the invention relates to a system and method for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas using such a system for storing and recovering heat.
    公开号:FR3048075A1
    申请号:FR1651353
    申请日:2016-02-19
    公开日:2017-08-25
    发明作者:Elena Sanz；Willi Nastoll；Cecile Plain
    申请人:IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present invention relates to the field of heat storage and return, in particular for the storage of heat in a system or method of AA-CAES ("Advanced Adiabatic - Compressed Air Energy Storage") type. .
    In a compressed air energy storage system (CAES), energy, which is to be used at another time, is stored as compressed air. For storage, energy, especially electrical, drives air compressors, and for destocking, the compressed air drives turbines, which can be connected to an electric generator. The efficiency of this solution is not optimal because part of the energy of the compressed air is in the form of heat which is not used. In fact, in the CAES processes, only the mechanical energy of the air is used, that is to say that all the heat produced during the compression is rejected. For example, compressed air at 8 MPa (80 bar) heats during compression to about 150 ° C, but is cooled prior to storage. In addition, the efficiency of a CAES system is not optimal, because then the system requires heating the stored air to achieve the expansion of the air. Indeed, if the air is stored at 8 MPa (80 bar) and at room temperature and if it is desired to recover the energy by a relaxation, the decompression of the air again follows an isentropic curve, but this time from the initial storage conditions (about 8 MPa and 300 K is about 27 ° C). The air is cooled to unrealistic temperatures (83 K or -191 ° C). It is therefore necessary to heat it, which can be done using a gas burner, or other fuel.
    Several variants currently exist for this system. Systems and methods include: • Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (ACAES) in which air is stored at high temperature due to compression. However, this type of system requires a specific storage system, bulky and expensive (adiabatic storage). • AACAES (Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage) in which air is stored at room temperature, and the heat due to compression is also stored separately in a TES heat storage system. "Thermal Energy Storage"). The heat stored in the TES is used to heat the air before it is released. According to some contemplated designs, heat is stored in the storage system by means of solid particles.
    Moreover, such heat exchange systems are used in other fields: the storage of solar energy, marine energy, in metallurgical processes, etc.
    One of the design criteria for heat exchange and storage systems is their ability to control thermal stratification (or thermocline) from low temperatures to high temperatures. Indeed, the efficiency and the efficiency of storage of the heat depend on it.
    For this purpose, several types of heat exchange system have been developed. Some types of heat exchange systems relate to a fixed bed of solid particles, a moving bed of solid particles, in which thermal exchanges of fluids flowing cocurrently, etc. However, these heat exchanges are not optimal. in terms of efficiency and performance.
    For example, patent application FR2990502 relates to an improved thermal stratification heat storage tank. For this heat storage system, the heat exchange is performed by means of a matrix of solid particles distributed in several stages of fixed bed, and a heat transfer fluid passing through the spaces between the stages. This design allows homogenization of the temperature in the storage system. However, this system does not allow a good maintenance of the thermal gradient in the tank.
    According to another example described in the patent application WO 2013015834, the system consists in controlling the transfer of the gas between different fixed beds or different tanks, when the exit temperature of the gas is below a threshold, that is to say when a certain amount of heat has been stored in the fixed bed. However, this system is cumbersome, and does not seem optimal in terms of efficiency.
    FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional heat storage and retrieval system 1 according to the prior art, during a charging (storage) phase CH, and during a discharge (decaying) phase DE. This storage and heat recovery system 1 has substantially a column shape which comprises a fixed bed of particles 2, and injection means and / or withdrawal 3 of the fluid which will exchange heat with the particles. According to this configuration, for the charge, the fluid between hot, at a temperature T1, from the top of the column, and out cold (cooled by the particles that store a portion of the heat of the fluid), at a temperature T2 (T2 <T1), by the bottom of the column. For the discharge, the fluid enters cold, at a temperature T2, by the bottom of the column, and comes out hot (heated by the particles which restore part of the heat of the particles), at a temperature T1. For this embodiment of the prior art, no temperature is imposed on the particle bed, therefore, these temperatures drift over time, which does not allow optimal efficiency of the storage system and restitution of the heat.
    FIG. 6 shows the "typical" thermal profile of the fixed bed particle storage and heat recovery system (TES), illustrated in FIG. 1. In this figure, the "hot side" (inlet and outlet of the fluid hot) is on the left, and the "cold side" (inlet and outlet of the cold fluid) is on the right. In this figure, the curve Tch in solid line corresponds to the profile of the temperature during the charge, and the curve Tde, in dashed lines, represents the profile of the temperature during the discharge. A gradient is established between the two sides of the TES, but this gradient moves along the bed of particles during the charging and discharging cycles. There is thus a variation in the temperature level in the hot side (and in the cold side) as a function of time (phase in the cycle). In the discharge phase, the fluid can not recover all the stored energy, and during the charging phase the fluid output of the TES does not cool sufficiently. Moreover, this phenomenon amplifies with time, the gradient tending to flatten out until reaching a semi-stationary state. The consequence of this phenomenon is a decrease in the overall efficiency of the system (less energy is recovered). Moreover, in the case of the use of the storage and heat recovery system for a process of the AACAES type, there is also a decrease in the stability of the AACAES process, which must operate with inlet temperatures in the process. turbine and in the storage system of compressed air that are variable. Thus, the efficiency of the turbines and compressors of the AACAES process is reduced because it is a function of the inlet temperature.
    To overcome these drawbacks, the present invention relates to a heat storage and return system comprising at least one bed of heat storage particles. The system further comprises, at each end of the fixed bed, a means of thermal regulation of the particles. Thus, it is possible to regulate the temperature at the entrances / exits of the fixed bed, which allows a good maintenance of the thermal gradient in the fixed bed, thereby ensuring a better heat transfer during the charging or the discharge of the heat. .
    The system and the method according to the invention The invention relates to a system for storing and recovering heat comprising at least one bed of particles for storing heat, and means for injecting and drawing off a fluid in said bed of particles. Said storage and heat recovery system comprises at each end of said bed of particles a means of thermal regulation of said particles.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, said storage system comprises a first thermal regulation means adapted to heat said particles at a first end of said bed of particles, and a second thermal regulation means adapted to cool said particles to a second end of said bed of particles.
    According to one embodiment, said thermal regulation means comprises means for heating and / or cooling said particles.
    In one aspect, said heating means and said cooling means of the first and second thermal control means are connected by means of a heat pump device.
    According to one design, said means for heating and / or cooling said particles comprise a heat exchanger and / or an electrical resistance and / or means for circulating a thermal fluid.
    According to a variant, said heating and / or cooling means are located within said bed of particles.
    Alternatively, said heating and / or cooling means are located at the periphery of said bed of particles.
    According to one characteristic, said fixed bed comprises a layer of thermal insulating material, within said bed of particles, delimiting said thermal regulation means.
    Advantageously, said storage and heat recovery system comprises means for measuring the temperature of said particles.
    Preferably, said fluid is a gas, especially air.
    Advantageously, said particles are particles of phase change material.
    In addition, the invention relates to a system for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas comprising at least one gas compression means), at least one compressed gas storage means, at least one expansion means of said compressed gas for generating energy, and at least one system for storing and returning heat according to one of the preceding features.
    In addition, the invention relates to a method for storing heat, which comprises the following steps: a) a fluid is circulated in a bed of particles for storing heat from a system for storing and recovering heat according to one of the preceding features; and b) a portion of the heat of said fluid is stored in said particles, and the temperature of said particles is regulated at at least one end of said bed of particles.
    Furthermore, the invention relates to a method of restoring heat, which comprises the following steps: a) heat is stored in a bed of heat storage particles of a storage and heat recovery system according to one of the preceding characteristics, by regulating the temperature of said particles at at least one end of said bed of particles; and b) circulating a fluid in said bed of particles to restore said heat of said particles to said fluid.
    In addition, the invention relates to a compressed gas energy storage and recovery method, which comprises the following steps by means of a compressed gas energy storage and recovery system according to the preceding features: a) a gas is compressed; b) a gas is cooled in a system for storing and returning heat; c) storing said cooled gas; d) heating said cooled gas in said storage and heat recovery system; and e) expanding said heated compressed gas to generate energy.
    According to one embodiment, between the steps of cooling the gas and heating the gas, the temperature is regulated at at least one end of said bed of particles.
    According to one embodiment, in step b), the temperature of said bed of particles is regulated by heating said particles at the end of said bed of particles through which said gas is discharged.
    Advantageously, in step d), the temperature of said bed of particles is regulated by cooling said particles at the end of said bed of particles through which said gas is discharged.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other characteristics and advantages of the method according to the invention will appear on reading the following description of nonlimiting examples of embodiments, with reference to the appended figures and described below.
    FIG. 1, already described, illustrates a system for storing and recovering heat according to the prior art, for a charging phase and for a discharge phase.
    FIG. 2 illustrates a system for storing and recovering heat according to a first embodiment of the invention.
    FIG. 3 illustrates a system for storing and recovering heat according to a second embodiment of the invention.
    FIG. 4 illustrates a system for storing and recovering heat according to a third embodiment of the invention.
    FIG. 5 illustrates a cycle of use of a storage and heat recovery system according to one embodiment of the invention.
    FIGS. 6 and 7 represent the thermocline within a heat storage system, at the end of the charge and at the end of the discharge, respectively for a storage system according to the prior art and according to the invention.
    FIG. 8 illustrates a system for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas according to one embodiment of the invention.
    Detailed description of the invention
    The present invention relates to a system for storing and recovering heat. According to the invention, the system for storing and recovering heat comprises at least one bed of heat storage particles. The system according to the invention makes it possible to store the heat coming from a hot fluid, the storage being carried out by the heat storage particles. The system also makes it possible to restore the heat stored in the particles to a cold fluid. A particle bed is a set of randomly arranged particles. The particle bed may be stationary, mobile, or fluidized.
    The solid particles of heat storage allow the passage of fluid in the particle bed, and during this passage, the heat is exchanged between the fluid and the particles. This passage of the fluid in the particle bed may be axial or radial. For the passage of the fluid in the particle bed, the system comprises means for injecting and withdrawing the fluid. Preferably, these injection and withdrawal means are provided at each end of the heat storage and return system, so that the fluid passes through the bed.
    According to the invention, the system for storing and recovering heat comprises at each end a means of thermal regulation of the particles. Thus, it is possible to control the temperature of the particles at each end of the bed. Each thermal regulation means provides a thermal regulation of a portion of the particles of the bed. This temperature control makes it possible to optimize the storage of heat, by imposing a temperature on the particles, for example after charging or discharging the storage and heat recovery system. Thus, the efficiency and efficiency of the storage system and heat recovery are optimized.
    According to a first implementation, the heat storage and return system comprises a fixed bed of particles. A fixed bed is an arrangement of heat storage particles in which the particles are immobile.
    According to a second implementation, the heat storage and return system comprises a moving bed of particles. A moving bed is an arrangement of heat storage particles in which the particles move in the same direction.
    According to a third implementation, the heat storage and return system comprises a fluidized bed of particles. A fluidized bed consists of a solid phase composed of a flowing fluid phase and particles suspended by the fluid phase. For example, the fluid phase may be gaseous, in the form of air or rare gas. The fluid phase may be injected at one end of the heat exchange zone, near the inlet (injection) of the particles to form the fluidized bed. In the case for which the invention uses a "fluidized bed" technology, the heat storage and return system may comprise several "series" fluidized beds, each input / output fluidized bed comprises a thermal regulation system, which regulates the temperature of the entire fluidized bed.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the heat storage system has a form of revolution, that is to say having an axis of symmetry: cylindrical, conical, frustoconical, etc., preferably the means of Heat storage is substantially cylindrical (column). According to one embodiment of the invention, the heat storage means may comprise a plurality of heat storage particle beds. These particle beds can form a stepped arrangement: the beds are then arranged one above the other, and can be separated by layers of thermal insulating material. According to one embodiment of the invention, the bed of particles may have a substantially cylindrical or annular shape.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the system for storing and restoring the heat is substantially vertical. Alternatively, the system for storing and returning the heat is substantially horizontal.
    According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the heat exchange system according to the invention may comprise solid particles or particles in the form of capsules containing a phase change material (PCM). These materials also allow a reduction in the volume of any storage means, because they can store a large amount of energy in the form of latent heat. A compromise between efficiency and cost can also be found by mixing MCPs and storage materials, using sensible heat to store heat, in the particle bed. Among the phase-change materials, the following materials may be used: paraffins, whose melting point is less than 130 ° C, salts which melt at temperatures above 300 ° C, (eufectic) mixtures which allow to have a wide range of melting temperature.
    The solid particles (whether or not with a phase change) may have all the known forms of conventional granular media (beads, cylinders, extrusions, trilobes, etc.), as well as any other shape that maximizes the surface area. exchange with gas. Preferably, the particles are in the form of beads, so as to limit the problems of attrition. The particle size may vary between 0.02 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 20 mm, and even more preferably between 1 and 10 mm.
    According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the fluid may be a gas, especially air. The fluid may be a gas to be cooled or heated by the particles in the particle bed. Alternatively, the fluid can be a liquid.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the system for storing and restoring the heat comprises a first thermal regulation means capable of cooling the particles at a first end of the particle bed, and a second thermal regulation means capable of to heat the particles at the other end of the particle bed. Preferably, the first end corresponds to the side (called "hot side"), through which enters and / or leaves the hot fluid of the fixed bed, and the second end corresponds to the side (called "cold side"), by which between and / or release the cold gas from the fixed bed. The first thermal regulation means can be implemented in particular after the charging of the storage system and the return of heat. The second thermal regulation means can be implemented in particular after the discharge of the storage system and the return of heat. Thus, it is possible to avoid spreading of the temperature gradient within the bed of particles, which ensures a good maintenance of the thermal gradient in the storage system and the return of heat. In this way, it is possible to optimize the heat transfer during the charging and discharging of the storage system and the return of heat. This is particularly important with regard to maintaining the efficiency of the system during the various charging and discharging cycles, since the storage system must make it possible to ensure a constant temperature at the inlet of the air storage system. compressed (or compressor in the case of a process AACAES with several stages of compression) in the phases of charge, and at the entrance of the expansion turbine during the phases of discharge.
    In an alternative and / or complementary manner, the heat storage and return system comprises a first thermal regulation means capable of heating the particles at a first end of the particle bed, and a second thermal regulation means capable of cooling the particles. particles at the other end of the particle bed. Preferably, the first end corresponds to the side (called "hot side"), through which enters and / or leaves the hot fluid of the fixed bed, and the second end corresponds to the side (called "cold side"), by which between and / or release the cold gas from the fixed bed.
    In order to maintain the temperature regulated by the thermal regulation means, the bed of particles may comprise at least one layer of thermal insulating material, this layer delimiting the portion of the bed of particles corresponding to the thermal regulation means. These thermal insulation layers make it possible to limit the diffusion of the temperature between the ends of the particle bed and the center of the particle bed, and thus improve the control of the thermal gradient. The insulating material may be any material with very low thermal conductivity known, that is to say, more insulating than the bed comprising the particles. This layer of thermal insulating material may be permeable to the fluid, to allow its passage through the layer.
    Means for measuring the temperature may be provided in the particle bed. The means for measuring the temperature can be placed at the ends of the particle bed. These temperature measuring means can be used for the thermal regulation of the particles arranged at the ends of the bed of particles.
    Advantageously, the thermal control means may comprise means for heating and / or cooling said particles. These heating and / or cooling means may comprise a heat exchanger and / or an electrical resistance and / or means for circulating a thermal fluid, etc. Thermal fluid is called a fluid circulating in a portion of the bed of particles for cooling or heating particles. This thermal fluid is different from the fluid that circulates in the particle bed for heating or cooling. The thermal fluid may be air, water, water vapor or any fluid allowing a good heat exchange.
    These heating and / or cooling means may be located within the bed of particles, so as to optimize the heat transfer. Alternatively, the heating and / or cooling means may be located at the periphery of the particle bed, so as not to impede the circulation of the heat-exchanging fluid. In this case, the heating means and / or cooling may be located between the column and the bed of particles.
    FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 6. This figure shows the "typical" thermal profile of a fixed particle bed storage and heat recovery system (TES) according to the invention. In this figure, the "hot side" (inlet and outlet of the hot fluid) is on the left, and the "cold side" (inlet and outlet of the cold fluid) is on the right. In this figure, the curve Tch in solid line corresponds to the profile of the temperature during the charge, and the curve Tde, in dashed lines, represents the profile of the temperature during the discharge. Thanks to the thermal control means, the temperature is almost constant at the ends of the fixed bed. Moreover, unlike the thermal gradient shown in FIG. 6, the thermal gradient is steeper, and the temperature profiles in the charge and discharge phases are closer together. Thus, the heat exchanges between the fluid and the particles are more efficient.
    According to an implementation of the invention, the thermal regulation means can be implemented in particular during the storage phases (after a charging step), and / or during a waiting step (after a discharge) .
    FIG. 2 illustrates, in a nonlimiting manner, a storage and heat recovery system 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention. The storage system 1 is formed of a vertical column, which comprises a fixed bed of particles 2. The column further comprises, at both ends, means for injecting and withdrawing 3 a fluid in the column. In addition, the column comprises means 5 for circulating a thermal fluid (that is to say different from the fluid to be heated or cooled), in order to ensure the thermal regulation of the particles at the ends of the bed of particles 2 For example, a hot thermal fluid can be injected at the top of the column by the injection and withdrawal means 3, and can be collected by the circulation means 5 located at the periphery of the column, at a small distance from the column. top of the column. In addition, a cold thermal fluid can be injected by circulation means 5 located at the periphery of the column, at a small distance from the bottom of the column, can be extracted from the column by injection and withdrawal means 3 in bottom of the column. In addition, the bed of particles 2 comprises two layers of thermal insulating material 4. The layers 4 delimit three portions of the bed of particles 2: a first at the upper end of the fixed bed defined by the top of the column and a first layer thermal insulation 4, a second in the center of the fixed bed between the two layers of thermal insulation 4, and a third at the lower end of the fixed bed defined by a layer of thermal insulation 4 and the bottom of the column. These layers of thermal insulating material make it possible to thermally isolate the portions of the bed of particles, in which the heating and cooling of the particles are provided. Thus, it is possible to maintain the desired thermal gradient.
    According to a variant of the embodiment, the heat storage and retrieval system may comprise no or a single layer of thermal insulating material.
    In addition, the fixed bed can be replaced by a moving bed or a plurality of fluidized beds.
    FIG. 3 illustrates, in a nonlimiting manner, a storage and heat recovery system 1 according to a second embodiment of the invention. The storage system 1 is formed of a vertical column, which comprises a fixed bed of particles 2. The column further comprises, at both ends, means for injecting and withdrawing a fluid in the column. For the "hot side" of the column (at the top of the column), the thermal regulation means comprise an electrical resistance 6, for heating the particles. In addition, the column comprises means 5 for circulating a thermal fluid (that is to say different from the fluid to be heated or cooled), in order to ensure the thermal regulation of the particles of the "cold side" of the bed 2. For example, a cold thermal fluid can be injected by circulation means 5 located at the periphery of the column, at a small distance from the bottom of the column, and can be extracted from the column by injection means. and racking at the bottom of the column. In addition, the bed of particles 2 comprises two layers of thermal insulating material 4. The layers 4 delimit three portions of the bed of particles 2: a first at the upper end of the fixed bed defined by the top of the column and a first layer thermal insulation 4, a second in the center of the fixed bed between the two layers of thermal insulation 4, and a third at the lower end of the fixed bed defined by a layer of thermal insulation 4 and the bottom of the column. These layers of thermal insulating material make it possible to thermally isolate the portions of the bed of particles, in which the heating and cooling of the particles are provided. Thus, it is possible to maintain the desired thermal gradient.
    According to a variant of the embodiment, the storage and heat recovery system may comprise no, or a single layer of thermal insulating material.
    In addition, the fixed bed can be replaced by a moving bed or a plurality of fluidized beds.
    FIG. 4 illustrates, in a nonlimiting manner, a heat storage and retrieval system 1 according to a third embodiment of the invention. The storage system 1 is formed of a vertical column, which comprises a fixed bed of particles 2. The column further comprises, at both ends, means for injecting and withdrawing a fluid in the column. In addition, the column comprises heat exchangers 7, to ensure the thermal regulation of the particles at the ends of the particle bed 2. For example, a first heat exchanger 7 providing heat can be located at the top of the column. In addition, a second heat exchanger, cooling the particles 2 may be located at the bottom of the column. In addition, the bed of particles 2 comprises two layers of thermal insulating material 4. The layers 4 delimit three portions of the bed of particles 2: a first at the upper end of the fixed bed defined by the top of the column and a first layer thermal insulation 4, a second in the center of the fixed bed between the two layers of thermal insulation 4, and a third at the lower end of the fixed bed defined by a layer of thermal insulation 4 and the bottom of the column. These layers of thermal insulating material make it possible to thermally isolate the portions of the bed of particles, in which the heating and cooling of the particles are provided. Thus, it is possible to maintain the desired thermal gradient.
    According to a variant of the embodiment, the storage and heat recovery system may comprise no, or a single layer of thermal insulating material.
    In addition, the fixed bed can be replaced by a moving bed or a plurality of fluidized beds.
    The embodiments of Figures 2, 3 and 4 may be combined by association and / or replacement, in any possible combination. For example, a system for storing and recovering heat may comprise "hot side" both an electrical resistance and means for circulating a thermal liquid. In another example, the heat storage and return system may include an electrical resistance of the "hot side", and a heat exchanger of the "cold side".
    Alternatively, the heat storage and return system may include a heat pump type system that recovers excess energy from the "cold side" to return it from the "hot side".
    In addition, the present invention relates to a compressed gas storage and energy recovery system equipped with a heat storage means (for example of the AACAES type). In this implementation, the pressurized gas (often air) is stored cold. The system for storing and recovering energy according to the invention comprises: at least one gas compression means (or compressor), and preferably several staged gas compression means. The gas compression means may be driven by a motor, in particular an electric motor; - At least one compressed gas storage means (also called tank) by the gas compression means. The compressed gas storage means may be a natural reservoir (for example an underground cavity) or not. The compressed gas storage means may be at the surface or in the subsoil. In addition, it may be formed of a single volume or a plurality of volumes connected to each other or not; - At least one gas expansion means (also called expansion valve or turbine), for relaxing the compressed gas and stored, and preferably multiple gas expansion means staged. The means of expansion of the gas makes it possible to generate an energy, in particular an electric energy by means of a generator; at least one heat storage and return system, for storing the heat resulting from the compressed gas during the energy storage phase, and making it possible to restore the heat stored at the compressed gas during the heating phase; the restitution of energy, the heat storage and return system is preferably placed at the outlet of the compression means and at the inlet of the expansion means. According to the invention, the heat exchange system comprises solid particles for storing heat. These solid particles exchange heat with the gas during the storage and energy recovery phases, this heat being stored in the particles between these two phases. According to the invention, the heat storage systems are in accordance with one of the variant embodiments described above, or with one of the combinations of the variants previously described.
    The terms "stepped compression means" (respectively "stepped expansion means") are used when a plurality of compression (respectively expansion) means are successively mounted one after the other in series: the compressed gas (respectively relaxed) at the output of the first compression means (respectively relaxation) then passes into a second compression means (respectively relaxation) and so on. A compression or expansion stage is then called a compression or expansion means for the plurality of staged compression or expansion means. Advantageously, when the system comprises a plurality of compression and / or expansion stages, a heat exchange system is disposed between each compression and / or expansion stage. Thus, the compressed gas is cooled between each compression, which optimizes the efficiency of the next compression, and the expanded gas is heated between each trigger, which optimizes the performance of the next trigger. The number of compression stages and the number of expansion stages can be between 2 and 10, preferably between 3 and 5. Preferably, the number of compression stages is identical to the number of expansion stages. Alternatively, the system for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas (for example of the AACAES type) according to the invention may contain a single compression means and a single expansion means.
    According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the compression means, staggered or not, may be reversible, that is to say they can operate for both compression and relaxation. Thus, it is possible to limit the number of devices used in the system according to the invention, which allows a gain in weight and volume of the system according to the invention.
    The system according to the invention is suitable for any type of gas, especially for air. In this case, the inlet air used for the compression can be taken from the ambient air, and the exit air after the expansion can be released into the ambient air. In the remainder of the description, only the alternative embodiment with compressed air, and its application AACAES will be described. However, the compressed gas energy storage system and method is valid for any other gas.
    FIG. 8 illustrates a nonlimiting exemplary embodiment of an AACAES system according to the invention. In this figure, the arrows in continuous line illustrate the flow of gas during the compression steps (energy storage), and the dashed arrows illustrate the flow of gas during the relaxation steps (energy restitution). This figure illustrates an AACAES system comprising a single compression stage 12, a single expansion stage 14 and a storage and heat recovery system 1. The system comprises a storage tank 13 of the compressed gas. The heat storage and return system 1 is interposed between the compression / expansion stage 12 or 14 and the storage tank 13 of the compressed gas. Conventionally, in the energy storage phase (compression), the air is first compressed in the compressor 12, then cooled in the heat storage system 1. The compressed and cooled gas is stored in the tank 13. The heat storage particles of the heat storage system 1 are hot following the cooling of the compressed gas in the compression phase. During energy recovery (expansion), the stored compressed gas is heated in the storage and heat recovery system 1. Then, in a conventional manner, the gas passes through one or more expansion stages. 14 (a stage according to the example illustrated in FIG. 1).
    The system for storing and recovering compressed gas energy according to the invention is not limited to the example of FIG. 8. Other configurations may be envisaged: a different number of compression stages and / or relaxation, the use of reversible means providing compression and relaxation, etc.
    Alternatively, the heat storage and recovery system according to the invention can be used for any type of use requiring the storage of heat, especially for the storage of solar energy, wind, or for any type of industry eg metallurgy, etc.
    In addition, the present invention relates to a method of storing heat, wherein the following steps are performed: a) circulating a fluid to be cooled in a bed of heat storage particles; and b) a portion of the heat of the fluid is stored in the particles, and the temperature of the particles is regulated at at least one end of the particle bed, for example by heating the particles at the end of the particle bed, by the fluid is out ("cold side").
    The heat storage method according to the invention can also comprise the following steps alone or in combination: the temperature is regulated by heating the particles on the side of the bed, between which the hot fluid to be cooled, and cooling the particles of the side of the bed, through which the cooled fluid leaves, - the temperature is regulated by circulating a thermal fluid in a portion of the particle bed, - the temperature is regulated by supplying an electrical resistance, - the temperature is regulated by means of a heat exchange, - the temperature is regulated by means of a heat pump system.
    According to an alternative embodiment of this method, during step a), preferably at the end of step a), the temperature of the "hot side" of the particle bed is regulated. Preferably, the temperature is controlled by heating the "cold side" particles.
    The heat storage method may be carried out with one of the embodiments of the storage and heat recovery system described above, or one of the combinations of the previously described variants. In particular, the bed may be a fixed, moving or fluidized bed, the particles may comprise phase-change materials, the thermal regulation means may comprise a heat pump, an electrical resistance, a heat exchanger and / or means for circulating a thermal fluid.
    In addition, the present invention relates to a method of heat recovery, wherein the following steps are carried out: a) Part of the heat is stored in particles, and the temperature of the particles is regulated at at least one end of the bed particles; and b) circulating a fluid to be heated in the particle bed to restore heat to the fluid.
    The heat recovery method according to the invention can also comprise the following steps alone or in combination: the temperature is regulated by heating the particles on the side of the bed, between which the cold fluid to be heated, and cooling the particles; on the side of the bed, through which the heated fluid leaves, - the temperature is regulated by circulating a thermal fluid in a portion of the particle bed, - the temperature is regulated by supplying an electrical resistance, - the temperature is regulated by means of a heat exchange, the temperature is regulated by means of a heat pump system.
    According to an alternative embodiment of this method, during step b), preferably at the end of step b) and after step b), it is possible to regulate the temperature of the "hot side" of the bed of particles. Preferably, the temperature is controlled by cooling the "hot side" particles.
    The heat recovery method may be carried out with one of the embodiments of the storage and heat recovery system described above, or one of the combinations of the previously described variants. In particular, the bed may be a fixed, moving or fluidized bed, the particles may comprise phase-change materials, the thermal regulation means may comprise a heat pump, an electrical resistance, a heat exchanger and / or means for circulating a thermal fluid. The invention also relates to a method for storing and recovering heat which is formed by the succession of the steps of the heat storage method and the heat recovery method.
    This cycle of four stages is then called a cycle: 1) charge (cooling of the fluid), 2) storage and thermal regulation, 3) discharge (heating of the fluid), and 4) waiting and possibly thermal regulation.
    FIG. 5 illustrates, in a nonlimiting manner, these four stages of cycle CY according to the invention. Figure 5 illustrates a curve of the flow rate D as a function of time. During the first charging step CH, the fluid flows in a first direction in the bed, which is conventionally indicated by a positive flow. In the second step, the heat is stored ST, without fluid passage. During this ST storage step, thermal control QE is implemented. Then, a discharge step DE is performed, the fluid then flows in the opposite direction with respect to the first direction of the charging step, which is indicated by a negative flow. Then a waiting step AT with thermal control QE is implemented, without fluid passage. The waiting step ends with the start of a new CY cycle.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the thermal regulation can also be performed during the charging and discharging steps, preferably at the end of the charging and discharging steps.
    For example, during charging, the temperature of the "cold side" of the particle bed can be regulated, preferably by heating the "cold side" particles, and during the discharge, the temperature of the "hot side" can be regulated. Of the particle bed, preferably by cooling the "hot side" particles.
    The present invention also relates to a method for storing and recovering energy by compressed gas, wherein the following steps are performed: a) a gas is compressed, in particular by means of a compressor; b) the compressed gas is cooled by heat exchange in a storage and heat recovery system according to the invention; c) the compressed compressed gas is stored, in particular by a compressed gas storage means; d) the stored compressed gas is heated, by heat exchange, in the storage and heat recovery system according to the invention; and e) the heated compressed gas is expanded to generate energy, for example by means of a turbine to generate electrical energy.
    According to the invention, the heat exchange between the gas and the particles is carried out with a thermal regulation of the ends of the particle bed of the storage system and the return of heat. Thus, the storage and energy recovery of the AACAES type process are optimized.
    According to an implementation of this method, the temperature of the bed of particles is regulated by heating the particles at the end of the bed of particles through which the gas has entered, and by cooling the particles at the end of the fixed bed by which the gas is out.
    The method of storage and energy recovery by compressed gas can be achieved with one of the embodiments of the storage and heat recovery system described above, or one of the combinations of the previously described variants. In particular, the bed may be a fixed, moving or fluidized bed, the particles may comprise phase-change materials, the thermal regulation means may comprise a heat pump, an electrical resistance, a heat exchanger and / or means for circulating a thermal fluid.
    According to one aspect of the invention, the method comprises several successive compression stages, by means of compressors placed in series, also called staged compressions. In this case, the steps a) and b) are repeated for each compression stage. Thus, the gas is compressed and cooled several times.
    According to one characteristic of the invention, the method comprises several successive expansion steps, by means of expansion placed in series, also called stepped detents. In this case, steps d) and e) are repeated for each expansion stage. Thus, the gas is heated and relaxed several times. Step a) concerns the compression of a gas, for example air. It may include air taken from the environment. Step b) makes it possible to cool the compressed gas after each compression step, which makes it possible to optimize the efficiency of the following compression and / or energy storage. The heat storage system makes it possible, during the storage of the compressed gas (compression), to recover a maximum of heat resulting from the compression of the gas leaving the compressors and to reduce the temperature of the gas before the next compression stage or before storage. For example, the compressed gas may pass from a temperature above 150 ° C, for example about 190 ° C to a temperature below 80 ° C, for example about 50 ° C. Step c) can be carried out in a compressed gas storage means, which can be a natural reservoir or not (for example an underground cavity). The compressed gas storage means may be at the surface or in the subsoil. In addition, it may be formed of a single volume or a plurality of volumes connected to each other or not. During storage, the means for storing the compressed gas are closed.
    The compressed gas is stored until the moment when it is desired to recover the stored energy. Step d) and the following are carried out at the moment when it is desired to recover the stored energy. Step d) makes it possible to heat the compressed air before each relaxation, which makes it possible to optimize the performance of the following relaxation. For step d), it is possible to use the heat storage particles which were used to cool during step b). The heat storage means make it possible, during the restitution of the energy, to restore a maximum of stored heat by increasing the temperature of the gas before passing to the next expansion. For example, the gas may pass from a temperature below 80 ° C, for example about 50 ° C, to a temperature above 150 ° C, for example about 180 ° C.
    In step e), the compressed gas is expanded. The expansion of the compressed gas makes it possible to generate an energy. This expansion can be achieved by means of a turbine which generates an electrical energy. If the gas is air, the expanded air can be vented to the environment.
    The method and system for storing and recovering energy by compressed gas according to the invention can be used for the storage of intermittent energy, such as wind or solar energy, in order to be able to use this energy at the desired time.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. A heat storage and recovery system comprising at least one bed of heat storage particles (2), and means for injecting and withdrawing (3) a fluid into said bed of particles ( 2), characterized in that said storage and heat recovery system (1) comprises at each end of said bed of particles (2) a means of thermal regulation of said particles (2).
    [0002]
    2) System according to claim 1, wherein said storage system comprises a first thermal regulation means adapted to heat said particles (2) at a first end of said particle bed (2), and a second thermal regulation means adapted to cooling said particles (2) to a second end of said particle bed (2).
    [0003]
    3) System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said thermal control means comprises means for heating and / or cooling said particles (2).
    [0004]
    4) System according to claims 2 and 3, wherein said heating means and said cooling means of the first and second thermal control means are connected by means of a heat pump device.
    [0005]
    5) System according to claim 3, wherein said means for heating and / or cooling said particles (2) comprise a heat exchanger (7) and / or an electrical resistance (6) and / or circulation means of a thermal fluid (5).
    [0006]
    6) System according to one of claims 3 or 5, wherein said heating means and / or cooling are located within said bed of particles (2).
    [0007]
    7) System according to one of claims 3 or 5, wherein said heating means and / or cooling are located at the periphery of said bed of particles (2).
    [0008]
    8) System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said fixed bed comprises a layer (4) of thermal insulating material, within said bed of particles (2) defining said thermal control means.
    [0009]
    9) System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said storage system and heat recovery (1) comprises means for measuring the temperature of said particles (2).
    [0010]
    10) System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said fluid is a gas, including air.
    [0011]
    11) System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said particles (2) are particles of phase change material.
    [0012]
    12) Compressed gas energy storage and recovery system comprising at least one gas compression means (12), at least one compressed gas storage means (13), at least one expansion means (14) of said compressed gas compressed gas for generating energy, and at least one heat storage and return system (1) according to one of the preceding claims.
    [0013]
    13) A method of storing heat, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) a fluid is circulated in a bed of particles (2) for storing the heat of a storage system and restitution of the heat (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11; and b) storing part of the heat of said fluid in said particles (2), and regulating the temperature of said particles (2) at at least one end of said particle bed (2).
    [0014]
    14) A process for restoring heat, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) heat is stored in a bed of particles (2) for storing heat from a storage system and restitution of the heat (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, by regulating the temperature of said particles (2) at at least one end of said bed of particles (2); and b) circulating a fluid in said bed of particles (2) to return said heat of said particles (2) to said fluid.
    [0015]
    15) A method for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas, characterized in that it comprises the following steps by means of a compressed gas storage and energy recovery system according to claim 12: a) compresses a gas; b) cooling a gas in a storage and heat recovery system (1); c) storing said cooled gas; d) heating said cooled gas in said storage and heat recovery system (1); and e) expanding said heated compressed gas to generate energy.
    [0016]
    The method of claim 15, wherein between the steps of cooling the gas and heating the gas, regulating the temperature at at least one end of said particle bed (2).
    [0017]
    17) The method of claim 16, wherein, in step b), the temperature of said bed of particles (2) is regulated by heating said particles (2) at the end of said bed of particles (2) by which said gas is out.
    [0018]
    18) Method according to one of claims 16 or 17, wherein, in step d), the temperature of said bed of particles (2) is regulated by cooling said particles (2) at the end of said bed of particles ( 2) through which said gas is discharged.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3417230B1|2019-12-04|
    WO2017140481A1|2017-08-24|
    EP3417230A1|2018-12-26|
    FR3048075B1|2018-03-23|
    PT3417230T|2020-03-05|
    CN108496053B|2020-12-29|
    ES2773661T3|2020-07-14|
    CN108496053A|2018-09-04|
    US20210310748A1|2021-10-07|
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    法律状态:
    2017-02-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-08-25| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20170825 |
    2018-02-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2020-02-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-11-12| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20211005 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1651353|2016-02-19|
    FR1651353A|FR3048075B1|2016-02-19|2016-02-19|SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HEAT STORAGE AND RESTITUTION COMPRISING A BED OF PARTICLES AND MEANS FOR THERMAL REGULATION|FR1651353A| FR3048075B1|2016-02-19|2016-02-19|SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HEAT STORAGE AND RESTITUTION COMPRISING A BED OF PARTICLES AND MEANS FOR THERMAL REGULATION|
    US15/999,816| US20210310748A1|2016-02-19|2017-01-30|System and method for storing and releasing heat comprising a bed of particles and thermal regulation means|
    EP17701727.4A| EP3417230B1|2016-02-19|2017-01-30|System and method for storing and releasing heat comprising a bed of particles and thermal regulation means|
    PT177017274T| PT3417230T|2016-02-19|2017-01-30|System and method for storing and releasing heat comprising a bed of particles and thermal regulation means|
    CN201780008332.6A| CN108496053B|2016-02-19|2017-01-30|System and method for storing and releasing heat comprising a bed of particles and a thermal conditioning device|
    PCT/EP2017/051931| WO2017140481A1|2016-02-19|2017-01-30|System and method for storing and releasing heat comprising a bed of particles and thermal regulation means|
    ES17701727T| ES2773661T3|2016-02-19|2017-01-30|Heat storage and restitution system and procedure that includes a particle bed and thermal regulation means|
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